Galaxy Morphology from $z\sim6$ through the eyes of JWST

Author:

M. Huertas-Company, K. G. Iyer, E. Angeloudi, M. B. Bagley, S. L. Finkelstein, J. Kartaltepe, R. Sarmiento, J. Vega-Ferrero, P. Arrabal Haro, P. Behroozi, F. Buitrago, Y. Cheng, L. Costantin, A. Dekel, M. Dickinson, D. Elbaz, N. A. Grogin, N. P. Hathi, B. W. Holwerda, A. M. Koekemoer, R. A. Lucas, C. Papovich, P. G. Pérez-González, N. Pirzkal, L-M. Seillé, A. de la Vega, S. Wuyts, G. Yang, L. Y. A. Yung

Keyword:

Astrophysics, Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)

journal:

date:

2023-05-03 16:00:00

Abstract

We analyze the Near Infrared ($\sim0.8-1\mu$m) rest-frame morphologies of galaxies with $\log M_*/M_\odot>9$ in the redshift range $0<z<6$, compare with previous HST-based results and release the first JWST-based morphological catalog of $\sim20,000$ galaxies in the CEERS survey. Galaxies are classified into four main broad classes -- spheroid, disk+spheroid, disk, and disturbed -- based on imaging with four filters -- $F150W$, $F200W$, $F356W$, and $F444W$ -- using Convolutional Neural Networks trained on HST/WFC3 labeled images and domain-adapted to JWST/NIRCam. We find that $\sim90\%$ and $\sim75\%$ of galaxies at $z<3$ have the same early/late and regular/irregular classification, respectively, in JWST and HST imaging when considering similar wavelengths. For small (large) and faint objects, JWST-based classifications tend to systematically present less bulge-dominated systems (peculiar galaxies) than HST-based ones, but the impact on the reported evolution of morphological fractions is less than $\sim10\%$. Using JWST-based morphologies at the same rest-frame wavelength ($\sim0.8-1\mu$m), we confirm an increase in peculiar galaxies and a decrease in bulge-dominated galaxies with redshift, as reported in previous HST-based works, suggesting that the stellar mass distribution, in addition to light distribution, is more disturbed in the early universe. However, we find that undisturbed disk-like systems already dominate the high-mass end of the late-type galaxy population ($\log M_*/M_\odot>10.5$) at $z\sim5$, and bulge-dominated galaxies also exist at these early epochs, confirming a rich and evolved morphological diversity of galaxies $\sim1$ Gyr after the Big Bang. Finally, we find that the morphology-quenching relation is already in place for massive galaxies at $z>3$, with massive quiescent galaxies ($\log M_*/M_\odot>10.5$) being predominantly bulge-dominated.

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