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Star cluster progenitors are dynamically decoupled from their parent molecular clouds

Author:
Nicolas Peretto, Andrew J. Rigby, Fabien Louvet, Gary A. Fuller, Alessio Traficante, Mathilde Gaudel
Keyword:
Astrophysics, Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
journal:
--
date:
2023-05-03 16:00:00
Abstract
The formation of stellar clusters dictates the pace at which galaxies evolve, and solving the question of their formation will undoubtedly lead to a better understanding of the Universe as a whole. While it is well known that star clusters form within parsec-scale over-densities of interstellar molecular gas called clumps, it is, however, unclear whether these clumps represent the high-density tip of a continuous gaseous flow that gradually leads towards the formation of stars, or a transition within the gas physical properties. Here, we present a unique analysis of a sample of 27 infrared dark clouds embedded within 24 individual molecular clouds that combine a large set of observations, allowing us to compute the mass and velocity dispersion profiles of each, from the scale of tens of parsecs down to the scale of tenths of a parsec. These profiles reveal that the vast majority of the clouds, if not all, are consistent with being self-gravitating on all scales, and that the clumps, on parsec-scale, are often dynamically decoupled from their surrounding molecular clouds, exhibiting steeper density profiles ($\rho\propto r^{-2}$) and flat velocity dispersion profiles ($\sigma\propto r^0$), clearly departing from Larson's relations. These findings suggest that the formation of star clusters correspond to a transition regime within the properties of the self-gravitating molecular gas. We propose that this transition regime is one that corresponds to the gravitational collapse of parsec-scale clumps within otherwise stable molecular clouds.
PDF: Star cluster progenitors are dynamically decoupled from their parent molecular clouds.pdf
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