We survey basic results concerning Prym varieties, the Prym-Brill-Noether theory initiated by Welters, and Brill-Noether theory of general \'etale double covers of curves of genus g>=2. We then specialize to curves on Nikulin surfaces and show that \'etale double covers of curves on Nikulin surfaces of standard type do not satisfy Welters' Theorem. On the other hand, by specialization to curves on Nikulin surfaces of non-standard type, we prove that general double covers of curves ramified at b=2,4,6 points are Brill-Noether general; the case b=2 was already obtained by Bud with different techniques.PDF: Double covers of curves on Nikulin surfaces.pdf
